The payment confirmation shown in the website also serves as receipt of electronic payment from a customer in an online transaction. Purchase orders are accounting source documents issued by a buyer to a seller setting out details or the goods or services the buyer is ordering from the seller. For example, automated accounting systems may generate the source document electronically or allow paper source documents to be scanned and converted into electronic images. Accounting software often provides on-screen entry forms for different types of transactions to capture the data and generate the source document. The bank statements are used as reference by accountants when doing periodic reconciliations of company checking accounts with the bank.
Invoices for Sales and Purchases
He has been the CFO or controller of both small and medium sized companies and has run small businesses of his own. He has been a manager and an auditor with Deloitte, a big 4 accountancy firm, and holds a degree from Loughborough University. The original sales order is sent to the buyer, and a copy of the sales order is retained by the seller. The purchase order will typically show particulars of the goods being ordered including, date, quantities, and agreed prices.
What is a source document?
- A Source Document is an original record that serves as an evidence of a transaction or event that has occurred in a company during an accounting period.
- It is prepared in three copies, the first one is delivered to the buyer, the second one is kept in the bundle of goods, the third copy is retained by the seller for future reference.
- A variety of documents are utilised in small business accounting to compile the financial accounts of the enterprise.
- The Internal Revenue Service mandates retention intervals for some types of documents related to payroll.
Many companies and government entities reproduce original documents that are fully readable and in the correct manner. If you plan to digitise accounting or legal papers to make storage easier, ensure the relevant organisation will recognise the records in your intended format. A materials invoice listing the goods bought and the fee paid but not including the supplier’s identity would not suffice. A document that included all of the data from the original receipt but was reworded in Word or Excel form would likewise be ineligible. Receipts are the normal source document for an income transaction where cash is received immediately, or where we receive a payment from a debtor. When a consumer pays with a check or cash, the seller creates a bank deposit slip, which is presented to the bank along with the check and cash.
Apart from the documents given above, there are other documents also which serve as evidence for recording transactions like the point of sales summary, salary slip, bank statements, utility bills, etc. On the sale of goods on credit, the seller of the goods prepares a sales invoice. It is prepared in three copies, the first one is delivered to the buyer, the second one is kept in the bundle of goods, the third copy is retained by the seller for future reference.
It can also be digital, such as an electronic version of an employee’s working hours input into a firm’s timekeeping system via a phone. Additionally, auditors check the annual financial statements of a business to ensure their accuracy. Part of their audit involves reviewing the details of various transactions, which are originally shown in the source documents. The source documents serve as proof of amounts accurately recorded in later steps of the accounting cycle, from the accounting journals and ledger to the final financial reports. It is necessary to have business transactions recorded for reference purposes, and at every financial transaction of a company, a paper trail is generated.
Handling source documents
After recording the information provided by the source document, they are indexed and retained properly, to access them whenever required. In addition, the auditor can also review them at the time of auditing the company’s financial statement, to check whether the transactions have occurred in reality. Every business transaction that takes place in your company gives rise to source documents which serve as proof that the transaction existed.
Instead of making payments by check, a business can make payments online or by other electronic means. In addition, invoices often indicate when the payment is to be made, the business banking details, etc. The person who is an authorised signatory of the bank account from which the check is issued must sign the check. Each check has a unique number that needs to be entered into the accounting software. A check is a unique bank note that serves as the customer’s payment’s representation of cash. For example, the manufacturing department issues a purchase requisition for the goods it needs to complete its upcoming jobs.
Goods Received Note
An Employee Timesheet is a document or electronic record that tracks the amount of time spent or the total hours that an employee works for the company or on a specific job. If issuing a check is a safer and more efficient way in paying for large purchases, then is it still a good payment option for your company if it needs to buy items with smaller value? Would it be practical to write a check for petty expenses such as the purchase of a box of pens for office use?
Organizing your documentation
Another common type of statement and source document is the bank statement, which shows the monthly transactions in your bank account. Where checks are used by a business to make payments, check counterfoils serve as the source documents. If source documents don’t exist for a transaction – because they’ve been lost or thrown away or not recorded in the first place – then accounting for the transaction becomes difficult. Accounting clerks check these documents, enter the necessary data into a computerized accounting system, and maintain an extensive range of records per the established guidelines. Also, one must remember that they perform basic calculations from these documents. For example, they compute the overall amount payable to vendors from the invoices given by them.
Source documents are an internal document that act as tangible evidence of a business deal. Credit Note – A credit note is a document sent by a seller to the buyer notifying that a credit has been made to their account against the goods returned by the buyer. The Internal Revenue Service mandates retention intervals for some types of documents related to payroll. If there is any question regarding the retention period for a document, consult with a knowledgeable attorney. Most accountants, bookkeeping service providers, and lawyers recommend keeping these documents for 5 to 7 years. Whereas, per IRS, small organizations must preserve all documents substantiating income, credits, and deductions until that specific year’s statute of limitations runs out.
Source document
It can also be electronic, such as an electronic record of the hours worked by an employee, as entered into a company’s timekeeping system through a smartphone. The accounting source documents diagram used in this tutorial is available for download in PDF format by following the link below. The next step in the accounting cycle is to take the data from the source documents and use this to record a journal entry.
- The company must classify all financial source documents so that you can easily retrieve them at a future date in the event of any questions.
- They are the only real evidence of a transaction taking place, on a specific day and at a specific amount.
- Cash Memo – Cash memo is a document prepared by the seller when goods are sold in cash.
- It could be as simple as an A5 page from a copied textbook or a form provided by the vendor via its online site or catalogue.
Some common examples of source documents include sales source document receipts, checks, purchase orders, invoices, bank statements, and payroll reports. These are all original documents that were created from a transaction and the first component in an accounting system. While auditing Dream tees, an online retailer of t-shirts, the auditors found discrepancies concerning the payments made to vendors. However, the issue was resolved after they checked two key source documents, the company’s bank statements, and the purchase invoices. As a result, they served as evidence that the company’s financial statements were accurate.
To ensure the correctness of bank or credit card balance, the auditor must have accessibility to a detailed paper trail of all transactions. There is a primary reason why source papers are crucial to the bookkeeping and accounting process. This is that they provide tangible proof that a financial transaction actually took place. These days, these documents may be in a traceable electronic form rather than a physical hard copy. Source documents are critical to auditors, who use them as evidence that recorded transactions actually occurred. Attorneys may also need access to source documents, in order to bolster their positions on various issues involving litigation.